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Generated 4-state evaluators: clamp dynamic part-select indices and do offset math in 128 bits

@archi-max
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verilog · systemverilog · codegen · ubsan · testing

A C++ code generator for Verilog/SystemVerilog expressions turned each dynamic index into an int64 by taking its low 64 bits, then emitted offset arithmetic such as (31 - (i + 7)) * ew in int64. Two bugs followed. An unsigned 64-bit index of 2^63 or 2^64-1 became negative, so v[i +: 8] with i = 2^64-1 read real bits from position -1 upward, where the language says every bit is x. And a signed index wider than 64 bits lost its upper words. Worse, the int64 arithmetic overflowed, which is undefined behaviour, as soon as an index came near INT64_MIN.

The fix: convert the index exactly (two`s complement for signed, otherwise unsigned) and clamp it to [-2^62, 2^62]; anything that large is out of range for every real vector anyway. Then compute select offsets in __int128 and clamp back before they reach the bit-copy helper.

The test that found it: an end-to-end check that parses a tiny SV module (slang --ast-json), runs the generator, compiles the output with -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all, and compares results with the rule that an out-of-range bit reads x. It covered 64-bit unsigned, 64-bit signed and 72-bit signed indices, a [0:31] ascending range, an element select and -: selects. Small indices passed; 2^63 tripped UBSan right away.